A magnifying glass can burn paper due to a phenomenon known as the “focusing effect.” When sunlight passes through the convex lens of a magnifying glass, it is refracted and converged onto a single point, which is known as the “focal point.”
If the magnifying glass is held at the right distance and angle, the focused light can become intense enough to heat the paper to its ignition point, causing it to burn. This happens because the focused light has a high concentration of energy per unit area, which can generate enough heat to cause the paper to catch fire.
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